Description¶

sd_event_add_io() adds a new I/O event source to an event loop. The event loop object is specified in the event parameter, the event source object is returned in the source parameter. The fd parameter takes the UNIX file descriptor to watch, which may refer to a socket, a FIFO, a message queue, a serial connection, a character device, or any other file descriptor compatible with Linux epoll(7). The events parameter takes a bit mask of events to watch for, a combination of the following event flags: EPOLLIN, EPOLLOUT, EPOLLRDHUP, EPOLLPRI, and EPOLLET, see epoll_ctl(2) for details. Note that not all file descriptors are compatible with epoll, for example regular file or directories are not. If this function is called with a file descriptor that does not support epoll, -EPERM is returned (also see below). In most cases such file descriptors may be treated as always-readable or always-writable, so that IO event watching is unnecessary.

The handler is a function to call when the event source is triggered or NULL. The userdata pointer will be passed to the handler function, and may be chosen freely by the caller. The handler will also be passed the file descriptor the event was seen on, as well as the actual event flags. It's generally a subset of the events watched, however may additionally include EPOLLERR and EPOLLHUP. The handler may return negative to signal an error (see below), other return values are ignored. If handler is NULL, a default handler that calls sd_event_exit(3) will be used.

By default, an event source will stay enabled continuously (SD_EVENT_ON), but this may be changed with sd_event_source_set_enabled(3). If the handler function returns a negative error code, it will either be disabled after the invocation, even if the SD_EVENT_ON mode was requested before, or it will cause the loop to terminate, see sd_event_source_set_exit_on_failure(3). Note that an event source set to SD_EVENT_ON will fire continuously unless data is read from or written to the file descriptor to reset the mask of events seen.

Setting the I/O event mask to watch for to 0 does not mean that the event source won't be triggered anymore, as EPOLLHUP and EPOLLERR may be triggered even with a zero event mask. To temporarily disable an I/O event source use sd_event_source_set_enabled(3) with SD_EVENT_OFF instead.

To destroy an event source object use sd_event_source_unref(3), but note that the event source is only removed from the event loop when all references to the event source are dropped. To make sure an event source does not fire anymore, even if it is still referenced, disable the event source using sd_event_source_set_enabled(3) with SD_EVENT_OFF.

If the second parameter of sd_event_add_io() is NULL no reference to the event source object is returned. In this case the event source is considered "floating", and will be destroyed implicitly when the event loop itself is destroyed.

If the handler to sd_event_add_io() is NULL, and the event source fires, this will be considered a request to exit the event loop. In this case, the userdata parameter, cast to an integer, is passed as the exit code parameter to sd_event_exit(3).

Note that this call does not take possession of the file descriptor passed in, ownership (and thus the duty to close it when it is no longer needed) remains with the caller. However, with the sd_event_source_set_io_fd_own() call (see below) the event source may optionally take ownership of the file descriptor after the event source has been created. In that case the file descriptor is closed automatically as soon as the event source is released.

It is recommended to use sd_event_add_io() only in conjunction with file descriptors that have O_NONBLOCK set, to ensure that all I/O operations from invoked handlers are properly asynchronous and non-blocking. Using file descriptors without O_NONBLOCK might result in unexpected starvation of other event sources. See fcntl(2) for details on enabling O_NONBLOCK mode.

sd_event_source_get_io_events() retrieves the configured mask of watched I/O events of an event source created previously with sd_event_add_io(). It takes the event source object and a pointer to a variable to store the mask in.

sd_event_source_set_io_events() configures the mask of watched I/O events of an event source created previously with sd_event_add_io(). It takes the event source object and the new event mask.

sd_event_source_get_io_revents() retrieves the I/O event mask of currently seen but undispatched events from an event source created previously with sd_event_add_io(). It takes the event source object and a pointer to a variable to store the event mask in. When called from a handler function on the handler's event source object this will return the same mask as passed to the handler's revents parameter. This call is primarily useful to check for undispatched events of an event source from the handler of an unrelated (possibly higher priority) event source. Note the relation between sd_event_source_get_pending() and sd_event_source_get_io_revents(): both functions will report non-zero results when there's an event pending for the event source, but the former applies to all event source types, the latter only to I/O event sources.

sd_event_source_get_io_fd() retrieves the UNIX file descriptor of an event source created previously with sd_event_add_io(). It takes the event source object and returns the non-negative file descriptor or a negative error number on error (see below).

sd_event_source_set_io_fd() changes the UNIX file descriptor of an I/O event source created previously with sd_event_add_io(). It takes the event source object and the new file descriptor. If the event source takes the ownership of the previous file descriptor, that is, sd_event_source_set_io_fd_own() was called for the event source with a non-zero value, then the previous file descriptor will be closed and the event source will also take the ownership of the new file descriptor on success.

sd_event_source_set_io_fd_own() controls whether the file descriptor of the event source shall be closed automatically when the event source is freed (or when the file descriptor assigned to the event source is replaced by sd_event_source_set_io_fd()), i.e. whether it shall be considered 'owned' by the event source object. By default it is not closed automatically, and the application has to do this on its own. The b parameter is a boolean parameter: if zero, the file descriptor is not closed automatically when the event source is freed, otherwise it is closed.

sd_event_source_get_io_fd_own() may be used to query the current setting of the file descriptor ownership boolean flag as set with sd_event_source_set_io_fd_own(). It returns positive if the file descriptor is closed automatically when the event source is destroyed, zero if not, and negative on error.

Return Value¶

On success, these functions return 0 or a positive integer. On failure, they return a negative errno-style error code.

Notes¶

Functions described here are available as a shared library, which can be compiled against and linked to with the libsystemd pkg-config(1) file.

The code described here uses getenv(3), which is declared to be not multi-thread-safe. This means that the code calling the functions described here must not call setenv(3) from a parallel thread. It is recommended to only do calls to setenv() from an early phase of the program when no other threads have been started.

History¶

sd_event_io_handler_t(), sd_event_add_io(), sd_event_source_get_io_events(), sd_event_source_set_io_events(), sd_event_source_get_io_revents(), sd_event_source_get_io_fd(), and sd_event_source_set_io_fd() were added in version 229.

sd_event_source_get_io_fd_own() and sd_event_source_set_io_fd_own() were added in version 239.

See Also¶

systemd(1), sd-event(3), sd_event_new(3), sd_event_now(3), sd_event_add_time(3), sd_event_add_signal(3), sd_event_add_child(3), sd_event_add_inotify(3), sd_event_add_defer(3), sd_event_source_set_enabled(3), sd_event_source_set_priority(3), sd_event_source_set_userdata(3), sd_event_source_set_description(3), sd_event_source_get_pending(3), sd_event_source_set_floating(3), epoll_ctl(2), epoll(7)